Provenance Information

Tano estate, Luxor; Dr. Hans Goedicke, Baltimore, 1957, [mode of acquisition unknown]; Walters Art Museum, 2008, by gift.

Exhibition Information

None Known

Publication Information

None Known

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Gift or bequest expected or on loan prior to 2008

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

This object was brought onsite to the Walters as part of a long-term loan in 2007

Provenance Information

Parvin Collection, Alan Krammer, Chicago [date and mode of acquisition unknown] [the collection was formed in the 1960s-70s, and disbanded in the early 1980s]; Dr. John Winnie Collection, St. Mary's, Georgia, 1990s [mode of acquisition unknown]; Mele Gallery, Westport, Connecticut, 2007, by purchase; Walters Art Museum, 2009, by purchase.

Exhibition Information

None known

Publication Information

"The Hedgehog in Ancient Egypt" p. 22

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Informed judgement that works were outside of the country of modern discovery before 1970

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

At the time this was acquired, its was believed to be out of its country of modern discovery prior to 1970. However, the Walters no longer can verify this so research is ongoing.

Provenance Information

Collection of Dr. Dean Crocker, United States [a collection formed prior to 1970, no. 52.1978] [date and mode of acquisition unknown]; Jean-Philippe Mariaud DeSerres, Paris [date and mode of acquisition unknown]; Mele Gallery, Westport, Connecticut, ca. 2002, by exchange; Walters Art Museum, 2008, by purchase.

Exhibition Information

None known

Publication Information

Sharon E. Thompson, Tut: Jewelry Making in the Days of the Pharaoh (Interweave Press: Loveland, CO 2010), p. 25

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Informed judgement that works were outside of the country of modern discovery before 1970

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

At the time this was acquired, its was believed to be out of its country of modern discovery prior to 1970. However, the Walters no longer can verify this so research is ongoing.

Provenance Information

By 1981, with Dr. Leo Mildenberg (lived 1913-2001), Zurich, Switzerland; Christie’s London, 26 October 2004, lot 123, unsold (in the posthumous sale of the Mildenberg collection); Mrs. Barbara S. Robinson, Cleveland, OH (2004-2023); gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art (2023)

Exhibition Information

Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenberg Collection, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (Oct. 21 to Nov. 29, 1981); Ägypten: Augenblicke der Ewigkeit : unbekannte Schätze aus schweizer Privatbesitz, Musee D’Art d’Histoire, Geneva, Switzerland (September 1997 to January 1998) and Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig, Switzerland (March to July 1997). The uraeus is also said to have been included in Mildenberg collection exhibitions in Israel (Haifa, Jerusalem), France (Paris), and Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Freiburg, Hamburg, Mannheim, Munich, Tubingen).

Publication Information

Kozloff, Arielle P. Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenberg Collection. 1981. No. 15, p. 62.
Page-Gasser, Madeleine, and André Wiese. Égypte: moments d'éternité : art égyptien dans les collections privées, Suisse / Ägypten: Augenblicke der Ewigkeit : unbekannte Schätze aus schweizer Privatbesitz. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1997. no. 136, p. 211.
Mottahedeh, Patricia Erhart, and Gisela Zahlhaas. Out of Noah's ark: animals in ancient art from the Leo Mildenberg collection / Aus Noahs Arche : Tierbilder der Sammlung Mildenberg aus fünf Jahrtausenden. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1997. cat. 15.
Christie, Manson & Woods. A Peaceable Kingdom: The Leo Mildenberg Collection of Ancient Animals. London: Christie's, 2004. no. 123.

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Gift or bequest expected or on loan prior to 2008

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

The object qualifies for the exception to 1970 for three reasons. First, it was in the well-known collection of Leo Mildenberg for at least two decades, during which time it was exhibited at the Cleveland Museum of Art as well as in Israel (Haifa, Jerusalem), France (Paris), Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Freiburg, Hamburg, Mannheim, Munich, Tubingen), and Switzerland (Basel, Geneva). Second, during this time, it was included in numerous exhibition catalogues, from 1981 in Cleveland to 2004 at Christie’s in London. Finally, this object meets the exception as a gift or bequest expected prior to 2008. This is confirmed by a letter from the attorney of Barbara S. Robinson (now in museum files) attesting to Mrs. Robinson’s intent, memorialized in estate planning documents by 2007, to donate her collection of antiquities to the Cleveland Museum of Art following her death. This constitutes the first separately made uraeus in the CMA collection, joining numerous representations of this important symbol of royal or divine power in ancient Egypt.

Provenance Information

By 2012, Anonymous Donor, New York; [1] Gift to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA), Richmond, Virginia, September 19, 2012. [2] [1] Per the donor, the objects were purchased from a variety of dealers in the years 1983-1989. The donor reports that they were purchasing from the following dealers within this time frame, although this cannot be further verified: Jack Ogden, London; Ariadne Galleries, New York; Mele Galleries, New York; Harmer-Rooke Galleries, New York; Pyramide Galleries, Paris. [2] Information in VMFA Curatorial and Registration files.

Exhibition Information

No information is currently available.

Publication Information

No information is currently available.

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Cumulative facts and circumstances

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

The donor of this object acquired a number of works of ancient jewelry and other small objects on the art market between ca. 1983 and ca. 1989. VMFA decided to make an exception to the AAMD guidelines in order to bring these objects into a free, publicly accessible, educational institution, where they could be studied, displayed and publicized. The works represent a broad sampling of gems, encompassing a representative collection of intaglios spanning the chronology and cultures of the Mediterranean. The donor of this object had made donations to the VMFA since 1982.

Provenance Information

By 2012, Anonymous Donor, New York; [1] Gift to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA), Richmond, Virginia, September 19, 2012. [2] [1] Per the donor, the objects were purchased from a variety of dealers in the years 1983-1989. The donor reports that they were purchasing from the following dealers within this time frame, although this cannot be further verified: Jack Ogden, London; Ariadne Galleries, New York; Mele Galleries, New York; Harmer-Rooke Galleries, New York; Pyramide Galleries, Paris. [2] Information in VMFA Curatorial and Registration files.

Exhibition Information

No information is currently available.

Publication Information

No information is currently available.

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Cumulative facts and circumstances

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

The donor of this object acquired a number of works of ancient jewelry and other small objects on the art market between ca. 1983 and ca. 1989. VMFA decided to make an exception to the AAMD guidelines in order to bring these objects into a free, publicly accessible, educational institution, where they could be studied, displayed and publicized. The works represent a broad sampling of gems, encompassing a representative collection of intaglios spanning the chronology and cultures of the Mediterranean. The donor of this object had made donations to the VMFA since 1982.

Provenance Information

By 2012, Anonymous Donor, New York; [1] Gift to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA), Richmond, Virginia, September 19, 2012. [2]

[1] Per the donor, the objects were purchased from a variety of dealers in the years 1983-1989. The donor reports that they were purchasing from the following dealers within this time frame, although this cannot be further verified: Jack Ogden, London; Ariadne Galleries, New York; Mele Galleries, New York; Harmer-Rooke Galleries, New York; Pyramide Galleries, Paris.

[2] Information in VMFA Curatorial and Registration files.

Exhibition Information

No information is currently available.

Publication Information

No information is currently available.

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Cumulative facts and circumstances

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

The donor of this object acquired a number of works of ancient jewelry and other small objects on the art market between ca. 1983 and ca. 1989. VMFA decided to make an exception to the AAMD guidelines in order to bring these objects into a free, publicly accessible, educational institution, where they could be studied, displayed and publicized. The works represent a broad sampling of gems, encompassing a representative collection of intaglios spanning the chronology and cultures of the Mediterranean. The donor of this object had made donations to the VMFA since 1982.

Provenance Information

By 2012, Anonymous Donor, New York; [1] Gift to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA), Richmond, Virginia, September 19, 2012. [2]

[1] Per the donor, the objects were purchased from a variety of dealers in the years 1983-1989. The donor reports that they were purchasing from the following dealers within this time frame, although this cannot be further verified: Jack Ogden, London; Ariadne Galleries, New York; Mele Galleries, New York; Harmer-Rooke Galleries, New York; Pyramide Galleries, Paris.

[2] Information in VMFA Curatorial and Registration files.

Exhibition Information

No information is currently available.

Publication Information

No information is currently available.

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Cumulative facts and circumstances

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

The donor of this object acquired a number of works of ancient jewelry and other small objects on the art market between ca. 1983 and ca. 1989. VMFA decided to make an exception to the AAMD guidelines in order to bring these objects into a free, publicly accessible, educational institution, where they could be studied, displayed and publicized. The works represent a broad sampling of gems, encompassing a representative collection of intaglios spanning the chronology and cultures of the Mediterranean. The donor of this object had made donations to the VMFA since 1982.

Provenance Information

By 2012, Anonymous Donor, New York; [1] Gift to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA), Richmond, Virginia, September 19, 2012. [2]

[1] Per the donor, the objects were purchased from a variety of dealers in the years 1983-1989. The donor reports that they were purchasing from the following dealers within this time frame, although this cannot be further verified: Jack Ogden, London; Ariadne Galleries, New York; Mele Galleries, New York; Harmer-Rooke Galleries, New York; Pyramide Galleries, Paris.

[2] Information in VMFA Curatorial and Registration files.

Exhibition Information

No information is currently available.

Publication Information

No information is currently available.

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Cumulative facts and circumstances

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

The donor of this object acquired a number of works of ancient jewelry and other small objects on the art market between ca. 1983 and ca. 1989. VMFA decided to make an exception to the AAMD guidelines in order to bring these objects into a free, publicly accessible, educational institution, where they could be studied, displayed and publicized. The works represent a broad sampling of gems, encompassing a representative collection of intaglios spanning the chronology and cultures of the Mediterranean. The donor of this object had made donations to the VMFA since 1982.

Provenance Information

Said to have been found at the Serapeum, Saqqara, Egypt. Ex coll. Florent Dalcq (1878-1950), Belgium, acquired from the Service des Antiquities, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt, 1923. Thence by descent to Andre Lagneau, Neuchatel, Switzerland. Ex coll. Joseph Lewis, United States, purchased from Galerie Gunter Puhze, Freiburg, Germany, March 9, 2012.

Exhibition Information

To our knowledge, this object has never been exhibited.

Publication Information

To our knowledge, this object has never been published.

Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970

Cumulative facts and circumstances

Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above

The provenance seemed plausible at the time of acquisition.