Object Title
Uraeus (Rearing Cobra)
Measurements
H. 14.9 cm (5 7/8 in.)
Creation Date
1307–1196 BCE (Egypt, New Kingdom, Dynasty 19)
Credit Line
Gift of Barbara S. Robinson and Family
Museum Name
Museum Contact
egyptianart@clevelandart.org
Culture
Country of Origin
Object Type
Materials / Techniques
Object URL
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/2023.102
Museum's Definition of Antiquity
Created before 313 CE (year of the Edict of Milan)
Provenance Information
By 1981, with Dr. Leo Mildenberg (lived 1913-2001), Zurich, Switzerland; Christie’s London, 26 October 2004, lot 123, unsold (in the posthumous sale of the Mildenberg collection); Mrs. Barbara S. Robinson, Cleveland, OH (2004-2023); gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art (2023)
Exhibition Information
Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenberg Collection, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (Oct. 21 to Nov. 29, 1981); Ägypten: Augenblicke der Ewigkeit : unbekannte Schätze aus schweizer Privatbesitz, Musee D’Art d’Histoire, Geneva, Switzerland (September 1997 to January 1998) and Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung Ludwig, Switzerland (March to July 1997). The uraeus is also said to have been included in Mildenberg collection exhibitions in Israel (Haifa, Jerusalem), France (Paris), and Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Freiburg, Hamburg, Mannheim, Munich, Tubingen).
Publication Information
Kozloff, Arielle P. Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenberg Collection. 1981. No. 15, p. 62.
Page-Gasser, Madeleine, and André Wiese. Égypte: moments d'éternité : art égyptien dans les collections privées, Suisse / Ägypten: Augenblicke der Ewigkeit : unbekannte Schätze aus schweizer Privatbesitz. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1997. no. 136, p. 211.
Mottahedeh, Patricia Erhart, and Gisela Zahlhaas. Out of Noah's ark: animals in ancient art from the Leo Mildenberg collection / Aus Noahs Arche : Tierbilder der Sammlung Mildenberg aus fünf Jahrtausenden. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1997. cat. 15.
Christie, Manson & Woods. A Peaceable Kingdom: The Leo Mildenberg Collection of Ancient Animals. London: Christie's, 2004. no. 123.
Page-Gasser, Madeleine, and André Wiese. Égypte: moments d'éternité : art égyptien dans les collections privées, Suisse / Ägypten: Augenblicke der Ewigkeit : unbekannte Schätze aus schweizer Privatbesitz. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1997. no. 136, p. 211.
Mottahedeh, Patricia Erhart, and Gisela Zahlhaas. Out of Noah's ark: animals in ancient art from the Leo Mildenberg collection / Aus Noahs Arche : Tierbilder der Sammlung Mildenberg aus fünf Jahrtausenden. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1997. cat. 15.
Christie, Manson & Woods. A Peaceable Kingdom: The Leo Mildenberg Collection of Ancient Animals. London: Christie's, 2004. no. 123.
Section of the AAMD Guidelines relied upon for the exception to 1970
Gift or bequest expected or on loan prior to 2008
Explain why the object fits the exception set forth above
The object qualifies for the exception to 1970 for three reasons. First, it was in the well-known collection of Leo Mildenberg for at least two decades, during which time it was exhibited at the Cleveland Museum of Art as well as in Israel (Haifa, Jerusalem), France (Paris), Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Freiburg, Hamburg, Mannheim, Munich, Tubingen), and Switzerland (Basel, Geneva). Second, during this time, it was included in numerous exhibition catalogues, from 1981 in Cleveland to 2004 at Christie’s in London. Finally, this object meets the exception as a gift or bequest expected prior to 2008. This is confirmed by a letter from the attorney of Barbara S. Robinson (now in museum files) attesting to Mrs. Robinson’s intent, memorialized in estate planning documents by 2007, to donate her collection of antiquities to the Cleveland Museum of Art following her death. This constitutes the first separately made uraeus in the CMA collection, joining numerous representations of this important symbol of royal or divine power in ancient Egypt.